自考英语二是自学考试中的公共课目的必考课程，是自考本科的课程，英语（二）课程既是一门语言实践课程，也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的重要素质课程。它以培养学习者的综合应用能力为目标，帮助他们在学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用英语进行有效交流。
1. ..may further be supported by………可以进一步证实……
2.However, why is…important/indispensable/necessary?但是为什么……很重要(必不可少、有必要)?
3.As a proverb says…/As is well known to us…正如一句名言所说(正如我们所知)……
4.People should pay more attention to the..because…人们应该增加对……的重视，因为……
进阶：
1.Besides/In addition/Apart from this, other ways/aspects/functions are…除此之外，另外一些方法(方面、作用)是……
2. …is but one of many effects.Another i……只不过是其中一个影响。另一个是……
3.Another equally important aspect/function is…另一个同样重要的方面(作用)是……
4.Closely connected with/related to/associated with this factor is…与这个因素密切相关的另一个因素是…
重点单词扩充讲解：
1. organizational: a 组织上的
由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization:n 组织； organizer: n 组织者
请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：
1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.
2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.
3).Chinahas joined World Trade __________.
4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.
Answers: organized, organizational,Organization,organizer
2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的
3. predict: v 预言、预示；
由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable:a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家
4. simplify: v 简化
由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply:ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:
1). The machine is _____ in operation but complexinstructure.
2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the originalisbeyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.
3). There is no point in arguing about it, becauseitis _______ a question of procedure.
4). The ______ of working process freed theworkersfro heavy labor.
Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification
5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v倾向于…，
tend todo sth
e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.
Or old people tend to get fatter.
6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；
由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management:n;manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
7.argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：arguwith sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论； argue sb into doingsth说服某人做某事； argue sb outof doing sth说服某人不要做某事。
e.g.1>. The young couple always argue with each other over theirchild’s
education.
2>. I argued him out of going on such adangerousjourney.
8. define: v 给…下定义； definition: n 定义
9. profitability: n 赚钱， 获利
由此我们可以联想到：profit: n 利润；profitable:a 有利可图的, 有好处的；
profitless: a 没有利润的。
1). He has made a _____ from running asmallrestaurant.
2). The deal was ______ to all of us.
3). They valued _______ differently, which ledtodisagreement as to the correctness of decision.
Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.
10. correctness: n 正确性； 字根：correct:a正确的； v 纠正， correction: n 纠正； incorrect: a 不正确的。
11. unintended: a 非计划中的，
由此我们可以联想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention:n； intended: a 计划中的
课文难句讲解、分析
1. A decision is a choice made from amongalternativecourses of action that are available.(p1)
译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。
分析：该句是主系表结构。made from among alternative coursesofaction that are available是过去分词短语做定语修饰a choice; 其中that are available是定语从句修饰courses of action.
像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！
2. The reason for making a decision is that aproblemexists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in theway ofaccomplishing them. (p1)
译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。
分析：该句又是主系表结构。That引导三个并列的表语从句，①aproblemexists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短语：make a decision:做出决策；stand in the way: 阻挡、防碍
3.Often managers must make a best guess at what thefuture will be and try toleave as little as possible to chance, but sinceuncertainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions. (p2)
译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。
分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。what the future will be是at的宾语；as little as possible做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because.
4.If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)
译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。
分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：to be made。这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。比如：The last question tobediscussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.
5. For managers, every decision has constraintsbasedon policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)
译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。
分析：这句话的考点是based on policies, procedures,laws,precedents, and the like。同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。其中词组：base…on以…为基础。 如：Thefilmis based on s short story by Jack London.
6.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.(p4)
译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。
分析：该句主语the tendency to simplify，谓语blinds; them是宾语。to simplify是定语，修饰the tendency；to other alternatives是宾补。其中短语：blind sb to sth:使…看不见…；
we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to thefacts.
7. Because individuals (and organizations)frequentlyhave different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choicemay dependon who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)
译：因为个人（和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。
分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。其中howtoattain the goals做介词about的宾语，whomakesthe decision做介词on的宾语。
8. Some of these objectives are more importantthanothers, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person topersonand from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)
译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。
分析：请注意比较级more important than，词组：vary from person to person译成中文：因人而异，可以推出：因季节而异vary from season to season….
9.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to seesales problems,production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7line 5--7)
译：当面对同一件日常事情时，销售经理倾向于看销售问题，而生产经理则会看生产相关的问题，等等。
分析：前半部分为常考内容，它是when + 过去分词短语，构成时间状语部分。其中词组：
be presented with = be faced with当面对…
When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..
10. People often assume that a decision is anisolatedphenomenon. (p9)
译：人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。
分析：句子结构简单：主谓宾（从句）。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。
phenomenon: n 现象；复数变化较特殊：phenomena
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